2024年 第6期 DOI:10.19830/j.upi.2022.453
1949 年以来美国城市社区更新——基于“制度—角色—行动”的整体分析
Urban Community Regeneration in the United States Since 1949: A Holistic Analysis Based on “Institutional-Role-Action”
骆骏杭 黄瓴
LUO Junhang, HUANG Ling
关键词:城市社区更新;政策演进;角色机制;行动模式;美国
Keywords:Urban Community Regeneration; Policy Evolution; Character Mechanics; Action Mode; The USA
摘要:在加快构建新发展格局、着力推动高质量发展的目标下,社区更新逐渐成为我国有序推进城市更新的重要抓手与学界研究热点,亟须系统研究和凝练各国相关理论和实践经验。美国城市发展建设与社区更新行动经过百年探索,方法更加多元、路径愈发成熟,其国家干预由强至弱的发展过程为我国提供了镜鉴。本文从“制度—角色—行动”整体认知视角,以城市社区更新政策发布历程及其引发的变革为主要线索,梳理美国1949 年以来城市社区更新政策的演进特征,剖析政府、市场、社会三者角色的权利关系机制,并借助案例阐释以公私合作和社区参与模式为代表的城市社区更新行动模式;最后基于美国经验提出对我国城市社区更新的启示与思考。
Abstract:Under the goal of speeding up the establishment of the new development paradigm, promoting the high-quality development, community regeneration has gradually become an important starting point for orderly urban regeneration and a hot academic research spot in China. It is urgent to systematically study and condense relevant theories and practical experience from countries. The American urban development and community regeneration actions have been explored for a century, with more diverse approaches and mature paths, its national intervention from strong to weak development process provides China with the possibility of reference. From the holistic cognitive perspective of “institutional-role-action”, and taking the process of issuing urban community regeneration policies and the changes triggered by them as the main clue, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of urban community regeneration policies in the United States since 1949. It discusses the transformation mechanism of the rights relationship among the government, market and social roles in the process, and further explains the urban community regeneration action mode represented by public-private partnership and community participation with the help of practical cases. Finally, based on the American experience, this paper puts forward some enlightment and thoughts on urban community regeneration in China.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51778078),重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1055),重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB21035)
作者简介:骆骏杭,重庆大学建筑城规学院,山地城市建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,博士研究生。luojhang@cqu.edu.cn
黄瓴(通信作者),重庆大学建筑城规学院,山地城市建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,教授,博士生导师。hwawa1025@vip.163.com