刘洁敏 苏雪娇 沈振江

LIU Jiemin, SU Xuejiao, SHEN Zhenjiang

本文探讨了中国城市空间规划从二维走向三维的发展趋势特征、新的交通方式对城市变革的触发效应和信息科技的支持作用，提出了一种低空空域与城市地上地下空间协同开发的新的城市发展路径。笔者对国内外城市低空空域管制的发展历程开展了历史考察和文献综述，并对相关法规政策进行梳理，进而提出城市三维空间整体开发设计构想。首先，以“机场—卫星城—中心城区”为功能组团，构建“低高空—低中空—低低空”三个空域划设层级；其次，在中心城区，依托三个空域划设层级构建三级管道空域飞行交通系统，分别利用城市的生态绿廊、城市封闭型道路与轨道交通以及高层建筑集中建成区，为载人飞行器、大型和小型货运无人机设置特定飞行廊道以提供安全的运行环境；最后，依托城市民航机场、城市立体交通系统和中央商务综合体组团，综合利用高层建筑、停车楼、轻轨和地铁站点等地上地下空间开展协同布局，构建“低空空域—地上地下”三维一体的新型城市综合交通运输系统，拓展“TOD+ 无人机”模式，提升城市整体的运行效率。笔者期望抓住城市交通变革的新契机，推动城市组团间和邻近城市间的互动与协作，为城市经济注入新的活力。

This paper explores the evolution of Chinese urban spatial planning from 2D to 3D, the transformative impact of new transportation modes on urban development, and the supportive role of information technology. It proposes a novel approach to urban development that integrates low-altitude airspace and above-ground space. The author conducts a historical investigation and literature review of the development process of domestic and foreign urban low-altitude airspace control, and sorts out relevant regulations and policies, and then puts forward the concept of overall development and design of urban three-dimensional space. Firstly, by establishing a functional group consisting of “airport-satellite city - central city”， three levels of airspace（ low altitude - low medium altitude - low high altitude） are constructed. Secondly, within the central urban area, a three-tiered pipeline airspace flight traffic system is developed based on these levels of airspace; specific flight corridors are designated for manned aircraft as well as large and small cargo UAVs using ecological green corridors, closed roads within cities, rail transit systems, and areas with concentrated high-rise buildings, respectively, to ensure a safe operating environment. Lastly, by leveraging urban civil aviation airports, three-dimensional transportation systems, and central business complexes, a collaborative layout can be achieved through the comprehensive use of high-rise buildings, parking structures, light rail and subway stations to create a “low-altitude airspace - above-ground underground” integrated urban transportation system, expand the “TOD+ UAV” model and enhance overall city operation efficiency. Seizing the new opportunity of urban air traffic reform will promote interaction and cooperation between urban groups and neighboring cities while injecting new vitality into the urban economy.

刘洁敏，博士，福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院，副教授。LiujieminFuzhouUni@163.com
苏雪娇，福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院，硕士研究生。SUxuejiao_official@163.com
沈振江（通信作者），博士，福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院，教授。fzukuspsdlab@fzu.edu.cn

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