International Experiences on Green Infrastructure Planning for Global Oceanic Center Cities Under the Guidance of Safety and Resilience
LIN Xiaoru, LI Yang, WEN Chaoxiang, XU Minghui
Abstract：
Global Oceanic Center Cities are coastal cities that rely on marine resources and possess regional core competitiveness in global shipping, marine industries, marine science and technology, and ocean governance, thereby serving as hub cities that radiate influence globally. The natural and economic geographical location, high-density living environments, and rapid seaward development rends, shaped by the interaction between land and sea, pose greater ecological and environmental threats as well as disaster risk challenges during the process of high-quality development. Green infrastructure, as a vital support system for the organic functioning of cities, is crucial for ensuring the safe and resilient development of Global Oceanic Center Cities. This paper focuses on the global, central, and marine characteristics of these cities, using Rotterdam, Hague (Netherlands), Hamburg (Germany), and Singapore as case studies, and analyzes the spatial response mechanisms of their green infrastructures to the pressures of marine natural disasters and anthropogenic development. By examining hub adaptability, network carrying capacity, and interface integration, this paper offers planning recommendations for enhancing the safety and resilience of green infrastructure in China’s Global Oceanic Center Cities.