2026年 第3期 DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2023.521
积极老龄化视域下社区菜园建设路径探索——欧洲份地花园实践经验与启示
Exploration on Active Aging-oriented Community Gardens Construction: Experiences from European Allotment Garden Practices
张晴庆 张婧远 张天尧
ZHANG Qingqing, ZHANG Jingyuan, ZHANG Tianyao
关键词：社区菜园；份地花园；积极老龄化；助老机制；建设路径
Keywords：community garden; allotment garden; active aging; senior care framework; construction strategy
摘要：社区菜园逐渐成为我国城市老年人亲自然行为和社区养老的重要场所，对社区积极应对人口老龄化、实现社区助老具有重要意义。然而，占用社区共有土地自发耕种模式下的社区菜园呈非正规化特征，阻碍了社区环境品质提升，引发了邻里矛盾和利益冲突，是社区积极应对人口老龄化亟待解决的关键问题。欧洲份地花园的实践经验对社区应对人口老龄化具有积极效应，尤其在增强老年居民的健康和福祉等社会生态效益方面表现突出。面对我国社区菜园的建设需求与实践困境，本文旨在通过梳理欧洲份地花园助老功能的作用机制及其制度保障，从“正规化—规范化—制度化”三个方面构建我国社区菜园促进积极老龄化的建设路径框架，以期为未来社区菜园建设和老龄友好社会构建提供建议。
Abstract：Community gardens are increasingly becoming an essential space for elderly urban residents in China to engage in nature-oriented activities and community-based elderly care, which is significant for communities to actively respond to the aging population and achieve community support for the elderly. However, the informality of community gardens, which are spontaneously cultivated on publicly owned land, hinders the improvement of community environmental quality and has caused neighborhood conflicts and interest disputes, becoming a key issue that communities urgently need to address in the context of an aging population. The practical experience of European Allotment Gardens has a positive effect on community response to population aging, especially in enhancing the health and well-being of elderly residents and other socio-ecological benefits. In response to the construction needs and practical dilemmas of community gardens in China, this paper aims to sort out the mechanisms of the elderly care function of European Allotment Gardens and its institutional guarantees. It constructs a framework for promoting active aging in China’s community gardens from the three dimensions of “regularization, standardization, and institutionalization”, and proposes policy measures for spatial regularization and diversified collaborative renewal and operation, providing suggestions and opinions for the future construction of community gardens and the improvement of the quality of the community support for the elderly environment.
版权信息：
基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“跨境养老的社会融合水平测度、影响机制与规划响应——以粤港澳大湾区为例”（52408057）、“基于社会感知计算的城市公园感知可达性测度及使用行为影响研究（52108048），广东省哲学社会科学规划2025 年度项目“情感需求视角下跨境养老机构的空间
适应性设计研究：以粤港澳大湾区为例”（GD25YYS22），深圳市高等院校稳定支持计划面上项目“基于多模态感知技术的城市公园景观体验过程
数字化模拟与优化研究”（GXWD20231130003324001）
作者简介：张晴庆，硕士，中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院，规划师。13199452168@163.com
张婧远，博士，哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院，副教授。zhangjingyuan@hit.edu.cn
张天尧（通信作者），博士，哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）建筑学院，副教授。zhangtianyao@hit.edu.cn