黄怡欣 凌昌隆 杨家文 曾尔力

HUANG Yixin, LING Changlong, YANG Jiawen, ZENG Erli

市场化供给、面向广大老年人的普惠型居家社区养老服务在日本等发达国家已发展近20 年，近年愈发在我国受到推崇，有望激活我国具有老年人多、面广、消费力弱等特征的养老市场。此类服务以广大老年人的步行范围为边界，在基层服务设施中嵌入养老服务或产品，灵活补充城市级养老设施的不足，极大地便利老龄生活。本文系统梳理日本的“零售设施+ 养老”这一普惠型居家社区养老服务模式的发展背景，从服务运营、服务供给、空间布局三个普惠维度，解析这一模式的特征和成功经验。针对我国养老服务供给由“保基本”转向“广普惠”的国情，提出探索多元主体参与的“X+ 养老”模式，立足普通居家养老群体，发展基础性养老服务，在社区生活圈尺度灵活发展养老生活圈，从而积极应对快速老龄化的挑战。

The exploration of market-oriented and inclusive home-based community elderly care services has been ongoing for nearly 20 years in Japan and other developed countries. It has gained recognition and been expected to stimulate China’s elderly care market. These services are supplied within the walking range of elders. They are flexibly integrated into other neighborhood services and greatly facilitate the lives of elders. This paper analyzes the characteristics and experiences of this community elderly care service model with a systematic review of the development of Japan’s “Retail Facility + Elderly Care” model. In response to China’s transition from “Guarantee basic need” to “Inclusive provision” of elderly care services, this paper proposes to explore the “X + Elderly care”，which enables multiple stakeholders to develop elderly care services for the general home-based elders. This framework should help to address the challenges of rapid population aging in China.

黄怡欣，北京大学城市规划与设计学院，广东省公共服务供给智能计算重点实验室，博士研究生。huang.yixin@stu.pku.edu.cn

凌昌隆，华盛顿大学，博士研究生

杨家文（通信作者），北京大学城市规划与设计学院，广东省公共服务供给智能计算重点实验室，教授，博士生导师。yangjw@pkusz.edu.cn

曾尔力，东京大学工学院都市工学系，博士研究生

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