刘志

LIU Zhi

本文从认识论的视角探讨我国城市规划实践中，尤其是智慧城市规划所面临的伦理问题。城市规划总体上是向善的，但在规划过程中往往要面对“两难选择”问题，规划的实施也有可能导致一些个人或人群的利益受损。因此，规划师要遵循某些伦理原则尽量避免这些个人或人群的利益损失。从认识论的视角看，规划师同感的缺乏、规划知识的局限和规划中容易出现的谬误都有可能导致规划实施对社会局部产生意外的负面影响。这些影响在智慧城市规划实施中尤其突出。笔者认为，规划师应该在交往理性的基础上增强同感，在规划中识别受损者并尽力避免其损失。但因规划知识的局限性，现实中往往不可能作出不伤害任何人的规划。因此，规划和实施需要补充相应的安全保障政策，以有效保护弱势或受损群体的利益，从而实现规划伦理。综上，城市规划既要有理性，也要有感性和交往理性，还要有配套的安全保障政策。

This paper discusses the ethical issues in urban planning in general and smart city planning in particular from the perspective of epistemology. Although the overall objective of urban planning is for human good, planners in practice often face difficult choices between alternatives that involve winners and losers. Some ethical principles should be applied to minimize the loss of individuals or groups as much as possible. We should recognize from the epistemological perspective that planners’ lack of sympathy, limits of planning knowledge, and planning fallacies could result in unintended and undesirable consequences. The problem is especially conspicuous in the planning and implementation of smart cities. This paper suggests that planners should strengthen the sense of sympathy based on communicative rationality, and safeguard policies should be adopted in the urban planning system to ensure that the interests of disadvantaged groups are protected, and the ethics of urban planning are upheld. Urban planning requires reason, sensibility, communicative rationality, and safeguard policies.

刘志，博士，北京大学—林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心，主任，研究员；林肯土地政策研究院，资深研究员，中国与亚洲业务部主任。zliu@plc.pku.edu.cn

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