陈骁 李恺仑

CHEN Xiao, LI Kailun

在全球化和共建“一带一路”倡议背景下，本文聚焦中亚五国规划标准体系的时空演变规律。通过CiteSpace 知识图谱工具，系统梳理1991—2022 年间哈萨克斯坦等五国规划标准的三阶段演进脉络：苏联时期依托苏联国家标准体系实现标准移植；独立后通过标准本土化重构形成差异化治理格局；全球化阶段则构建“国际标准嵌入”与“本土知识升级”的双向调适机制。在规划管理方面，中亚五国将城市开发边界、城市规划地籍和详细规划作为规划管理的三个重要手段。在规划标准体系上，中亚五国基本相似，形成了国土规划体系下与城市工程相融合的标准体系，并在技术结构上形成了贯穿规划全周期的“前期研究—规划设计—工程设计—工程估算测算—规划实施评估”的纵向体系。研究通过对比中亚五国用地分类标准，人均用地、绿地率、开发强度等指标的异同，指出乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦面对快速城市化带来的土地资源压力和区域环境的生态脆弱性所选择的不同标准演化路径。笔者希望通过这一研究为中国城乡规划标准与亚欧国际的互联互通以及城乡规划的国际化实践提供理论支撑。

In the context of globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative, this paper focuses on the spatial and temporal evolution of the planning standards system of the five Central Asian countries. Using the CiteSpace knowledge mapping tool, the three stages of evolution of planning standards in Kazakhstan and other five Central Asian countries from 1991 to 2022 are systematically investigated: the standards were transplanted through the GOST system during the former Soviet Union, the differentiated governance pattern was formed through the localized restructuring of the standards after the independence, and the two-way adaptation mechanism between the embedding of the international standards and the upgrading of the local knowledge was constructed in the stage of globalization. In terms of planning management, the five Central Asian countries have taken urban development borders, urban planning cadastre and detailed planning as three important tools for planning management. In terms of planning standard system, the five Central Asian countries have basically similar planning standard systems, forming a standard system under the territorial planning system integrated with urban engineering. In terms of technical structure, a vertical system of “preliminary study - planning design - engineering design - estimation and measurement of engineering - evaluation of planning implementation” has been formed throughout the planning cycle. The study points out the differences and similarities in land use classification standards, per capita land use indicators, green space rate indicators and development intensity indicators of the five Central Asian countries, and points out the different standard evolution paths chosen by Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in the face of the pressure on land resources brought about by rapid urbanization and the ecological fragility of the regional environment. The authors hope that this research will provide theoretical support for the integration of China's urban and rural planning standards with international standards in Asia and Europe, as well as for the internationalization of urban and rural planning practices.

陈骁，东南大学建筑学院，博士后，助理研究员。chenx_seu@seu.edu.cn

李恺仑，东南大学建筑学院，博士研究生

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