马涛 杨晓春 洪武扬

MA Tao, YANG Xiaochun, HONG Wuyang

非政府组织在英格兰乡村治理中起着重要的纽带作用，一方面依附于政府体系，与各层级部门开展合作；另一方面面向各乡村设立分支组织，收集地方意见并反馈给政府部门，为政府顶层设计提供专业指导。随着非政府组织的日益壮大，英格兰乡村治理中的政府、乡村社区和组织等多元主体的共治合作模式愈发成熟，形成了上下协同、良性互动的“共生型治理”局面。本文梳理了英格兰乡村联盟中13个非政府组织的发展历程和基本理念，深入研究非政府组织参与伦敦大都市区乡村治理的过程与作用，发现其主要聚焦于法案政策监督审查、政府资源协调、企业培育活化和地方宣传支持四个方面。结合我国乡村治理进程与基本国情，我国可以借鉴英格兰非政府组织协同参与乡村治理的先进经验，提高乡村和社会组织的谈判地位，注重第三方组织的培育发展和规范管理，引导其科学化、常态化参与乡村治理。

The administration of the England’s countryside depends heavily on NGOs. They set up branch organizations in every rural community to collect local viewpoints and pass them along to the various government departments, offering expert advice for the top-level design of the government while also being a part of the system and collaborating with various departments at various levels. A “symbiotic governance” with synergy and advantageous interaction between the top and the bottom has emerged because of the development of the concept of shared governance between the government, rural communities, and organizations in rural England. The history and guiding ideals of each of the 13 NGOs that make up the Rural Coalition are examined. The paper also examines the procedure and function of NGOs in rural government in the London Metropolitan Area and concludes that their main functions include act and policy supervision review and resource, coordination, enterprise development and activation, and local advocacy support. This paper makes the case that we can take note of English NGOs’ advanced experiences in cooperative rural governance, include improving the negotiating position of rural local and social organizations, focusing on the growth and regulation third-party organizations, and instructing them to take part in rural governance in a systematic and regular manner.

马涛，深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院，硕士研究生。matao2021@email.szu.edu.cn
杨晓春（通信作者），深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院，教授；中国城市规划学会，理事。yangxc@szu.edu.cn
洪武扬，深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院，助理教授。meszuwu@szu.edu.cn

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