凯西· 伊尔斯 莱拉· 史密斯 罗希尔· 范· 登布林克 米歇尔· 齐尼 著 焦怡雪 译

Kathy Eales, Laila Smith, Rogier van den Brink, Michele Zini

在1994 年，南非有三分之一的人口无法在合理运输距离内获得安全的饮用水，同时有一半人口没有用上像样的厕所。新的民主政府确立了改善供水和卫生设施的宏伟发展目标，并通过以包容性规划和实施策略为支撑的需求响应途径来达成这一目标。但由于需求规模造成的压力，最终致使改善供水的实施措施转向自上而下、供给主导的途径。尽管存在着实现规模经济的可能性，但服务供应的单位成本却显著增加了。同时，效能控制的重点被放在基础设施供给和支出方面，而非基础设施质量、成本效用和使用性能。对落实既定目标要求的强调，却导致市民/ 使用者的声音和权力在政策制定、约束服务提供者责任方面遭到削弱。本文讨论了现有措施在可持续性上所面临的重大风险，并对地方政府改善供水和公共卫生服务方面提出了建议。

In 1994, a third of South Africa’s population could not access safe drinking water within carrying distance, and half did not have a decent toilet. The new democratic government set ambitious targets for improving access to water and sanitation, and aimed to achieve these through demand-responsive approaches shaped by inclusive planning and implementation.
But pressure to deliver improvements on the scale required has led to a decisive shift to a topdown, supply-driven delivery approach. Despite opportunities for achieving scale economies, unit delivery costs have increased significantly. At the same time, the emphasis in performance
monitoring has been on infrastructure delivery and spending, rather than on infrastructure quality, cost-effectiveness and service performance. The emphasis on meeting ambitious targets has undermined citizens/users voice and power to shape policies and hold service providers accountable. This paper argues that the current approach carries substantial sustainability risks and makes suggestions for improving water and sanitation services at the local government level.

凯西伊尔斯（Kathy Eales），南非独立研究者和咨询顾问

莱拉史密斯（Laila Smith），南非Mvula 信托组织政策总监

罗希尔范登布林克（Rogier van den Brink），世界银行东亚和太平洋地区首席经济师

米歇尔齐尼（Michele Zini），世界银行驻南非研究分析师。mzini@worldbank

焦怡雪，中国城市规划设计研究院高级城市规划师。Jiao_a33@sina.com

本文节选自南非国家财政部指导完成的世界银行经济与行业分析报告“南非公共服务中的责任：议题精选”的相关章节。本文作者所阐述的看法并不完全反映世界银行的相关观点。

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