王一睿 周庆华

WANG Yirui, ZHOU Qinghua

城市空间不仅具有基本的物理属性，某些空间因其位置、功能或形式的特殊性，在不同类型人群的感知体验营造方面具有独特优势，良好的感知体验是城市空间营造的初心和目标。目前国内外对城市感知的研究侧重于评价和导控，而非使用感知组织城市空间。笔者从发展心理学、环境行为学和社会学角度，首先构建了“感知意义—城市空间—特征人群”的分析框架，通过文献调查的方式归纳出人在城市中三个层级的感知体验需求，围绕交往互动、休闲玩乐、艺术审美、情感体验、广义学习、人文涵养构建了六类具有感知特质的城市空间类型；其次，根据不同年龄、职业等群体的认知水平、活动规律、社会特征，归纳出八类特征人群；最后，从社区、街区和城市三个尺度形成精细化的高感知城市空间环境营造策略，为不同人群的感知体验营造提供一个系统性的讨论框架。

Urban space possess basic physical attributes, and it also has unique advantages in fostering perceptual experience for different groups of people due to their specific locations, functions and forms. Creating positive perceptual experience is the original intention and ultimate goal of urban space design. Current research on urban perception, both domestically and internationally, tends to focus on evaluation and controlling rather than organizing urban space based on perceptual experience. First, drawing from developmental psychology,environmental behavior studies, and sociology, this paper establishs an analytical framework of “perceptual meaning-urban space-target population”. Through the literature review, three levels of perceptual experience needs of people in urban contexts are summarized. It then identifies six types of urban space with distinct perceptual characteristics, centered on social interaction, leisure and recreation, artistic aesthetics, emotional experiences, broad learning, and cultural enrichment. Second, based on the cognitive levels, activity patterns, and social characteristics of various age and occupational groups, eight types of target population are classified. Lastly, this paper proposes refined strategies for creating high-perception urban spatial environments across three levels: neighborhood and community, districts, and cities. It provides a systematic discussion framework for the creation of perceptual experience for different groups of people.

王一睿，长安大学建筑学院，讲师。379309583@qq.com

周庆华（通信作者），西安建筑科技大学建筑学院，教授，博士生导师。zqh200359@sina.com

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