王阳 贺佳璇

WANG Yang, HE Jiaxuan

定期公布住房市场租金水平信息，建立住房租赁指导价格发布制度，是我国发展住房租赁市场、完善租购并举住房制度的重要探索。德国住房租赁市场发展相对成熟，租金控制融合住房租赁和住房保障，以“租金明镜”为控制工具，通过租赁法规调控工具使用力度，调节住房合同租金与租金增长。“租金明镜”是显示德国地方住房平均、最高和最低习惯性当地参考租金的相关图表。在租金波动相对平稳的中小城市或地区，主要采用简单统计既有住房合同租金的方法编制“简易租金明镜”；在住房供需失衡、租金涨幅明显的大城市或地区，主要采用“数据基础准备—住房特征因素选择—数据评估与计算”等步骤编制“合格租金明镜”。未来，随着我国住房租赁指导价格发布制度的落实，亟待科学合理计算不同区域、不同类型租赁住房的市场租金水平，编制适宜的租金控制工具和匹配的住房租赁平台，构建规范的工具编制流程和科学的工具编制方法，探索配套的租赁法规体系和完善的住房保障政策，建立符合地方发展实际与需求的住房租金管控体系。

The regular publication of information on rental levels in the housing market, and the establishment of a housing rental guide price release system, are important explorations of China’s development of the housing rental market and the improvement of the rent-purchase housing system. The development of the housing rental market in Germany is relatively mature, and rent control integrates private rental sector and social housing system, with the “Rent Mirror” as a control tool, regulating the intensity of rent control through rental legislation, and regulating housing contract rents and rent increases. The “Rent Mirror” is a relevant chart showing the average, maximum and minimum customary local reference rents for local housing. Small and medium-sized German cities or regions with relatively stable rent fluctuations mainly use the “Simple Rent Mirror”, which is compiled by simply counting the rents of existing housing contracts. Large cities or regions where there is an imbalance between housing supply and demand, and where rents have risen significantly mainly, use the “Qualified Rent Mirror”, which is compiled using the steps of “preparation of the data base - selection of factors characterizing the housing stock - evaluation and calculation of the data”. In the future, with the implementation of China’s housing rental guide price release system, there is an urgent need to scientifically and reasonably calculate the market rent levels of different regions and different types of rental housing, compile appropriate rent control tools and matching housing rental platforms, construct a standardized tool compilation process and a scientific tool compilation method, explore a matching rental regulation system and a perfect social housing policy, and establish a housing rent regulation system that meets the actual development and demand of the localities.

王阳，博士，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院城乡规划系，副教授，博士生导师，硕士生导师；德国魏玛包豪斯大学，博士后，青年研究员；注册城乡规划师。wangyang@xauat.edu.cn

贺佳璇，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院，硕士研究生。1390577074@qq.com

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