刘铮 白一帆 李倩如 雷巍

LIU Zheng, BAI Yifan, LI Qianru, LEI Wei

在全球海洋网络中，大量河口城市凭借特殊发展策略与规划创新，成为海洋经济与治理的关键枢纽。现有研究较少关注河口城市在破解区位障碍与提升航运能力方面的转型策略、实践影响与规划应对。作为典型的河口城市，德国汉堡与比利时安特卫普在港城互动作用下实现了从内河港城市向海洋城市的成功转型。本文以汉堡和安特卫普为典型案例，梳理河口城市面向海洋转型的三个发展阶段，并分析其在转型过程中出现的问题以及采取的海洋功能提升策略；针对港口专业化所带来的港城分离与蓝绿空间破坏问题，进一步围绕汉堡与安特卫普在港城融合与生态环境修复实践论证规划创新的理念与方法；最后，以汉堡与安特卫普的港城关系演变与规划创新策略为借鉴，针对我国现代海洋城市建设中港城分离趋势、港口新城建设与航道扩容改造提出建议。

The estuarine cities, through unique development strategies and planning innovations, have become key hubs in the global maritime network. However, current current research has paid limited attention to the combination of strategies employed by estuarine cities to address location barriers and shift shipping limitations, as well as the practical impacts and planning responses involved. Hamburg and Antwerp serve as typical cases of estuarine cities that have successfully transformed from inland port cities to maritime cities through the interactive effects of port-city dynamics. This paper outlines three developmental stages of maritime transformation for estuarine cities, using Hamburg and Antwerp as case studies, and analyzes the challenges encountered during their transformation along with the strategies adopted to enhance maritime functions. In response to the challenges of port-city separation and ecological degradation caused by port specialization, this paper further explores the concepts and methods of planning innovation, centering on the port-city integration as well as ecological restoration practices in these two cities. Finally, drawing on the evolution of port-city relations and planning innovations in Hamburg and Antwerp, this paper provides suggestions for addressing the trends of port-city separation, the construction of new port cities, and the expansion and renovation of shipping channels in the development of modern marine cities in China.

刘铮，博士，华南理工大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室、华南理工大学建筑学院，副教授，博士生导师。liuzheng@scut.edu.cn

白一帆，华南理工大学建筑学院，硕士研究生

李倩如，华南理工大学建筑学院，硕士研究生

雷巍（通信作者），比利时鲁汶大学工程科学学院，博士研究生。wei.lei@kuleuven.be

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