李璐 王缉宪 杨冬

LI Louise Lu, WANG James Jixian, YANG Dong

粤港澳大湾区港口群是中国沿海港口体系的重要组成部分，因“一国两制”的特殊国情，该地的港口呈现与我国其他地区不同的功能演化特征。在中国省级港口整合背景下，笔者利用全球船舶自动识别系统提供的船舶轨迹数据，分析了2017—2022 年粤港澳大湾区港口在国际和区域航运网络中的船舶流动变化，包括单个港口的船舶靠泊频率、国际航线类型，以及区域港口之间船舶流动方向的变化；并利用2000—2020 年粤港澳大湾区腹地城市的海事企业数据，分析了海事企业的时空分布特征及其变化规律。基于以上分析结果，笔者进一步考察大湾区港口功能分化与企业空间分布之间的关系。研究结果表明：香港港与深圳港的市场空间存在较大重叠，二者主要服务于东亚—东南亚、跨太平洋和亚洲—欧洲航线，自2020 年起均呈现出口贸易倾向，深圳港已成为连接区域其他港口最多的枢纽；广州港主要处理内贸货物，其外贸货物主要出口到发展中国家。此外，海事企业在过去20 年逐渐由沿海城市向内陆城市迁移，其中深圳和广州的企业数量增加较快，反映出内陆港口功能的提升带动了相关行业的企业集聚。本文的研究结论可为理解港口整合背景下的港口体系格局和产业演化动态提供实践基础。

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area port cluster is an important part of China’s coastal port system, where the ports show unique functional evolution characteristics due to “one country, two systems”. With the trend of regional port integration across many China’s provinces, this paper analyses the functions and relative positions of ports in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the international and regional shipping network from 2017 to 2022, using ship trajectory data provided by the global Automatic Identification System (AIS), including the frequency of port calls at individual ports, types of international shipping routes, and changes in the direction of ship flow between regional ports. In addition, combining maritime enterprises data in the hinterland cities of the area from 2000 to 2020, this paper analyses the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution of different maritime industries and their changing patterns, and finally examines the interaction between the functional differentiation of the ports and the distribution of the industries. The findings indicate a substantial overlap in the market area between the ports of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, both primarily catering to the East-Southeast Asia, Trans-Pacific, and Asia-Europe routes, and both exhibiting a propensity for export activity since 2020. Shenzhen Port has emerged as the leading centre in connecting regional ports. Guangzhou Port mainly serves the transportation of domestic trade goods, with its foreign trade cargo predominantly exported to developing nations. Over the past two decades, maritime enterprises in the region have progressively shifted from coastal to inland cities, with Shenzhen and Guangzhou witnessing the most rapid increase in enterprise numbers, indicative of enterprise clustering propelled by the enhancement of inland port operations. The findings will provide practical guidance for understanding the dynamics of port system structure and industry evolution in the context of port regionalization development.

李璐，香港理工大学物流与航运学系，研究助理教授。lu-louise.li@polyu.edu.hk

王缉宪，“一带一路”国际合作香港中心暨大湾区香港中心，总监，教授。jwang@hku.hk

杨冬（通信作者），香港理工大学物流与航运学系，副系主任，副教授，博士生导师；香港理工大学海事数据和可持续发展中心，主任。dong.yang@polyu.edu.hk

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