2025年 第2期 DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2022.490
规划师职业伦理中的道德责任归属
A Philosophical Analysis of Ascription of Moral Responsibilities for the Professional Ethics of Urban Planners
周恺 熊益群 虞法
ZHOU Kai, XIONG Yiqun, YU Fa
关键词：规划师；规划伦理；道德责任；道德责任归属；职业道德规范；规划价值观
Keywords：Planner; Planning Ethics; Moral Responsibility; Ascription of Moral Responsibility; Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct; Values in Planning
摘要：为了明确规划师在城市决策中的规划职业责任，本文借用哲学分析框架探讨规划师职业伦理中的道德责任归属问题。首先，笔者将道德责任理解为由直接因素（因果和义务）和间接因素（能力、能动性和知识等）影响的应得性对待。基于此，常见的道德责任归属争议可以从“因果事实认定困难”、“总体性义务不明晰”和“涉及间接因素的影响”三个角度进行解读。本文通过评述五个案例，解析规划师道德责任感、责任归属、责任困境的现实情境。一方面，规划师在权责义务的纠缠中进行的取舍、决断和平衡，在角色义务的感召下坚持诉说职业理想；另一方面，规划师也在多元价值交汇下和多重角色义务冲突下，出现道德责任的扭曲和矛盾。此外，笔者发现规划师的道德责任可以交流和讨论，并在当事人之间形成共识性认定。本文基于哲学概念框架的理性思考，有助于更好地处理各方看法并建立共识，帮助规划师形成合理的职业伦理认知。
Abstract：This paper applies the analytical framework for moral responsibilities in explaining the dilemma of the ascription of responsibilities in planning ethics, to resolve disputes in taking unjust blames for professional negligence in planning decision making. First, moral responsibility is conceptualized as one’s deservingness of praise or blame for his/her behavior, in which factors like causality and obligation contribute directly to the accountability of potential outcomes meanwhile whether individual possess the adequate “capacity”, “agency”, or “knowledge” to act also indirectly linked to the liability. Based on such conceptual framework, disputes over professional responsibilities ought to be interpreted through “the difficulty in causal inference”, “the ambiguity in overall obligation” and “the influences of indirect factors”. Second, this paper includes an in-depth analysis of five real-world scenarios in which planners find themselves struggling to fulfill their professional roles. It is observed that planers in their professional conduct tries to trade-off, determine, and balance their moral responsibilities, upholding the principles of professional ethics. While, it is worth noting how the multiple values and roles in the real world complicate the overall obligation of planners, causing conflicts and confusions. However, there are also cases demonstrating planners could reach certain consensus in professional responsibility through communication and discussion. Therefore, rational thinking using a scientific conceptual framework could help to reach the point of convergence in the ascription of responsibilities for urban planners.
版权信息：
基金项目：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题（XSP20YBC404），国家自然科学基金项目（52078197）
作者简介：周恺，博士，湖南大学建筑与规划学院，教授
熊益群，硕士，广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司，工程师
虞法（通信作者），博士，湖南大学马克思主义学院，副教授。yufamumufl ower@hotmail.com