张泽 肖钰尧 李紫玥

ZHANG Ze, XIAO Yuyao, LI Ziyue

自20 世纪末以来的再城市化进程中，西欧主要城市普遍经历了城市致密化，在外延式扩张受限下实现了城市内部的存量空间挖潜。不同于紧凑城市等广受争议的规划发展理念，城市致密化是西方广泛实施的务实规划政策，并在治理实践中形成了不同模式。在辨析城市致密化与紧凑城市的区别和联系的基础上，笔者对西欧主要城市的致密化政策的绩效争议和实施模式展开引介，并聚焦英国布里斯托尔市，例证致密化的不同模式和柔性致密化的独特作用。同样，受城镇开发边界刚性限制和城市更新财政平衡约束的中国城市也面临存量空间增容的致密化压力。谋划制度供给，由“偏重刚性致密化”向“兼顾柔性致密化”转型，从而有效激发中心城区消费活力，应是未来规划变革的重点探索内容。

In the process of re-urbanization since the end of the 20th century, major cities in Western European countries have generally experienced urban densification, to improve the inventory space under the constraints of external expansion. Unlike compact cities, urban densification is a widely implemented planning policy in Western cities and has formed different patterns in governance practices. Based on distinguishing the differences and linkages between urban densification and the compact city concept, this paper introduces the performance controversies and implementation models of densification policies in major cities in Western European countries. We then focus on the case of Bristol, the UK, to illustrate the different modes of densification and the important role of soft densification. Correspondingly, under the rigid constraints of urban development boundaries and the financial balance of urban renewal, Chinese cities are also facing the pressure of densification of inventory space. Institutional supply and transitioning from a focus on hard densification to a focus on soft densification, thus effectively stimulating the consumption vitality of the downtown district, should be the key exploration content of future planning reforms.

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