何宝杰 尹名强

He Baojie, Yin Mingqiang

高温热浪和热岛效应耦合引发的城市高温问题，对人居环境、能源消耗、经济发展、国民健康和生命安全等造成严重影响。随着气候变化和城市化快速发展，城市高温正演变为全国性气象灾害，且未来影响将不断加剧并趋于常态化。积极应对城市高温问题，降低城市高温影响和危害，提升人居环境品质，促进城市可持续发展尤为重要。本文总结应对城市高温的国际理念与体系，从高温监测预警、高温防控准备、高温缓解适应、政策法规体系和共同利益方法五个维度梳理凉爽城市与社区的营造路径；继而分析高温应对政策指引的制定与发展，解析国际组织、国家或地区、州省政府和地方政府等多个层级的高温应对政策指引案例、制定原则与架构，并从缓解策略、适应策略、决策支持工具、激励政策和共同利益方法等角度解析高温缓解适应指南；在此基础上，从建立与完善高温行动框架、对接国土空间规划体系、推广高温缓解适应试点、倡导共同利益方法四个方面为我国城市高温应对体系的构建提出相应建议。

Urban heat, the combined effects of heatwaves and heat islands, has significantly challenged the society in many aspects such as living environment, energy use, economic development, national health and lives. Along with climate change and rapid urbanisation, urban heat has been evolving into a national weather disaster, and its impact continues to intensify and normalize in the coming decades. It is urgent to actively beat urban heat for heatinduced impact and hazard alleviation, human settlement quality improvement, and sustainable urban development promotion. This paper presents global concepts and systems for coping with urban heat challenges, and sorts out pathway for cool cities and communities in five dimensions, including monitoring and early warning, prevention and control preparation, mitigation and adaptation strategies, policy and regulatory landscape, and co-benefits approach. Afterwards, this paper analyses the formulation and development of heat action plans, interprets heat action plans, and their principles and structures at multiple governmental levels, such as international organisations, nations or regions, state and provincial governments, and local governments. Furthermore, a focus is given to mitigation and adaptation guides in mitigation strategies, adaptation strategies, decision support tools, incentive policies and co-benefits approach. Accordingly, this paper offers four aspects of suggestions for national heat action system formulation such as health action plan, spatial planning, pilots and co-benefits approach.

何宝杰，重庆大学建筑城规学院，教授，博士生导师。baojie.unsw@gmail.com

尹名强，重庆大学建筑城规学院，博士研究生。Yinmingqiang@126.com

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